Category Archives: Data Governance

Data Governance – Navigating the Information Value Chain

Leave a reply

The challenge for businesses is to seek answers to questions, they do this with Metrics (KPI’s) and know the relationships of the data, organized by logical categories(dimensions) that make up the result or answer to the question. This is what constitutes the Information Value Chain

Navigation

Let’s assume that you have a business problem, a business question that needs answers and you need to know the details of the data related to the business question.

Information Value Chain

 

  • Business is based on Concepts.
  • People thinks in terms of Concepts.
  • Concepts come from Knowledge.
  • Knowledge comes from Information.
  • Information comes from Formulas.
  • Formulas determine Information relationships based on quantities.
  • Quantities come from Data.
  • Data physically exist.

In today’s fast-paced high-tech business world this basic navigation (drill thru) business concept is fundamental and seems to be overlooked, in the zeal to embrace modern technology

In our quest to embrace fresh technological capabilities, a business must realize you can only truly discover new insights when you can validate them against your business model or your businesses Information Value Chain, that is currently creating your information or results.

Today data needs to be deciphered into information in order to apply formulas to determine relationships and validate concepts, in real time.

We are inundated with technical innovations and concepts it’s important to note that business is driving these changes not necessarily technology

Business is constantly striving for a better insights, better  information and increased automation as well as the lower cost while doing these things several of these were examined

Historically though these changes were few and far between however innovation in hardware storage(technology) as well as software and compute innovations have led to a rapid unveiling of newer concepts as well as new technologies     

Demystifying the path forward.

In this article we’re going to review the basic principles of information governance required for a business measure their performance. As well as explore some of the connections to some of these new technological concepts for lowering cost       

To a large degree I think we’re going to find that why we do things has not changed significantly it’s just how, we know have different ways to do them.

It’s important while embracing new technology to keep in mind that some of the basic concepts, ideas, goals on how to properly structure and run a business have not changed even though many more insights and much more information and data is now available.

My point is in the implementing these technological advances could be worthless to the business and maybe even destructive, unless they are associated with a actual set of Business Information Goals(Measurements KPI’s) and they are linked directly with understandable Business deliverables.

And moreover prior to even considering or engaging a data science or attempt data mining you should organize your datasets capturing the relationships and apply a “scoring” or “ranking” process and be able to relate them to your business information model or Information Value Chain, with the concept of quality applied real time.  

The foundation for a business to navigate their Information Value Chain is an underlying Information Architecture. An Information Architecture typically, involves a model or concept of information that is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems.

Subsequently a data management and databases are required, they form the foundation of your Information Value Chain, to bring this back to the Business Goal. Let’s take a quick look at the difference between relational database technology and graph technology as a part of emerging big data capabilities.

However, considering the timeframe for database technology evolution, has is introduced a cultural aspect of implementing new technology changes, basically resistance to change. Business that are running there current operations with technology and people form the 80s and 90s have a different perception of a solution then folks from the 2000s. 

Therefore, in this case regarding a technical solution “perception is not reality awarement is”. Business need to find ways to bridge the knowledge gap and increase awarement that simply embracing new technology will not fundamentally change the why a business is operates , however it will affect how.

Relational databases were introduced in 1970, and graph database technology was introduced in the mid to 2000

There are many topics included in the current Big Data concept to analyze, however the foundation is the Information Architecture, and the databases utilized to implement it.

There were some other advancements in database technology in between also however let’s focus on these two

History

1970

In a 1970s relational database, Based on mathematical Set  theory, you could pre-define the relationship of tabular (tables)   , implement them in a hardened structure, then query  them by manually joining the tables thru physically naming attributes and gain much better insight than previous database technology however if you needed a new relationship it would require manual effort and then migration of old to new , In addition your answer it was only good as the hard coding query created

2020

In  mid-2000’s the graph database was introduced , based on graph theory, that defines the relationships as tuples  containing nodes  and edges.  Graphs represent things and relationships events describes connections between things, which makes it an ideal fit for a navigating relationship. Unlike conventional table-oriented databases, graph databases (for example Neo4J, Neptune) represent entities and relationships between them. New relationships can be discovered and added easily and without migration, basically much less manual effort. 

Nodes and Edges

Graphs are made up of ‘nodes’ and ‘edges’. A node represents a ‘thing’ and an edge represents a connection between two ‘things’. The ‘thing’ in question might be a tangible object, such as an instance of an article, or a concept such as a subject area. A node can have properties (e.g. title, publication date). An edge can have a type, for example to indicate what kind of relationship the edge represents.

Takeaway.

The takeaway there are many spokes on the cultural wheel, in a business today, encompassing business acumen, technology acumen and information relationships and raw data knowledge and while they are all equally critical to success, the absolute critical step is that the logical business model defined as the Information Value Chain is maintained and enhanced.

It is a given that all business desire to lower cost and gain insight into information, it is imperative that a business maintain and improve their ability to provide accurate information that can be audited and traceable and navigate the Information Value Chain Data Science can only be achieved after a business fully understand their existing Information Architecture and strive to maintain it.

Note as I stated above an Information Architecture is not your Enterprise Architecture or even Data Architecture Information Relationships it is the hierarchical design of shared information environments; the art and science of organizing and labelling gGossary terms, transactions to support usability and findability; in an emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design, architecture and information science to the digital landscape. Typically, it involves a model or concept of information that is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems.

In essence, a business needs a Rosetta stone in order translate past, current and future results.

Rosetta Stone

In future articles we’re going to explore and dive into how these new technologies can be utilized and more importantly how they relate to all the technologies.

   

 

Evolving Data Into Information through Lineage

Leave a reply


Information lineage through data DNA

 

Ira Warren Whiteside         

 

ORIGINS
COMMON SENSE

We in IT  have complicated and diluted the concept and  process of analyzing data and business metrics  incredibly in the last few decades. We seem to be focusing on the word data.         

“There is a subtle difference between data and information.”

Information vs data

There is a subtle difference between data and information. Data are the facts or details from which information is derived. Individual pieces of data are rarely useful alone. For data to become information, data needs to be put into context.

Examples of Data and Information

The history of temperature readings all over the world for the past 100 years is data.

If this data is organized and analyzed to find that global temperature is rising, then that is information.

The number of visitors to a website by country is an example of data.

Finding out that traffic from the U.S. is increasing while that from Australia is decreasing is meaningful information.

Often data is required to back up a claim or conclusion (information) derived or deduced from it.

For example, before a drug is approved by the FDA, the manufacturer must conduct clinical trials and present a lot of data to demonstrate that the drug is safe.

“Misleading” Data

Because data needs to be interpreted and analyzed, it is quite possible — indeed, very probable — that it will be interpreted incorrectly. When this leads to erroneous conclusions, it is said that the data are misleading. Often this is the result of incomplete data or a lack of context.

For example, your investment in a mutual fund may be up by 5% and you may conclude that the fund managers are doing a great job. However, this could be misleading if the major stock market indices are up by 12%. In this case, the fund has underperformed the market significantly.

 

Comparison chart

Synthesis: the combining of the constituent elements of separate material or abstract entities into a single or unified entity ( opposed to analysis, ) the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements.

Synthesis         

 Data into Information is dominant in terms of data movement and replication, in essence data logistics.

 

Lineage is the key.

 

 And with the simple action of linking data file metadata names to a businesses glossary  or terms, Will result in deeply insightful and informative business insight and analysis.

“Analysis the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements”

 In order for a business manager for analysis you need to be able to start the analysis at a understandable business terminology.

 And then provide the manager with the ability to decompose or break apart the result.

They are three essential set of capabilities and associated techniquestechniques for analysis and lineage.

 

  1. Data profiling and domain analysis as well as fuzzy matching components available on my blog https://irawarrenwhiteside.com/2014/04/13/creating-a-metadata-mart-via-tsql/
  2. Meta-data driven creation of a meta-data mart through code generation techniques, implemented.

 

 

Underlining each of these capabilities is a set of refined, developed and proven code says for accomplishing these basic fundamental task.

 

One case study

 I have been in this business over 45 years and I’d like to offer one example of the power of the concept of a meta-data mart and lineage as it regards to business insight.

 

A lineage, information and data story for BCBS

I was called on Thursday and told to attend a meeting on Friday between our companies leadership and the new Chief Analytics Officer. He was prototypical of the new IT a “new school” IT Director.

 I had been  introduced via LinkedIn to this director a week earlier as he had followed one of my blogs on metadata marts and lineage.

 

After a brief introduction, our leadership began to speak and the director immediately held up his hand he said “Please don’t say anything right now the profiling you provided me is at the kindergarten level and you are dishonest”

 

 The project was a 20 week $900,000 effort and we were in week 10.

 The company has desired to do a proof of concept and better understand the use of the informatics a tool  DQ as well as direction for a data governance program.

 

 To date what had been accomplished was in a cumulation of hours of effort in billing that has not resulted in any tangible deliverable.

 

The project had focused on the implementation and functionally of the popular vendor tool, canned data profiling results and not providing information to the business.

 

 The director commented on my blog post and asked if we could achieve that at his company, I of course said yes.

 Immediately I proposed we use the methodology that would allow us to focus on a  tops down process of understanding critical business metrics and a bottoms up process of linking data to business terms.

 My basic premise was that unless your deliverable from a data quality project can provide you business insight from the top down it is of little value. In essence you’ll spend $900,000 to tell  a business executive they have dirty data. At which point he will say to you “so what’s new”.

 The next step was to use the business terminology glossary that existed in informatica  metadata manager and map  those terms to source data columns and source systems, not an extremely difficult exercise. However this is the critical step in providing a business manager the understanding and context of data statistics.

 The next step, was the crucial step in which we made a slight modification to the IDQ tool and allowed the storing of the profiling results into a meta-data mart and the association of a business dimension from the business glossary the reporting statistics.

 We were able to populate my predefined metadata mart dimensional model by using the tool the company and already purchased.

 Lastly by using a dimensional model we were able to allow the business to apply their current reporting tool.

 

 Upon realizing the issues they faced in their business metrics, they accelerated the data governance program and canceled the data lake until a future date.

 

 

 

Now for the results. 

 Within six weeks we provided an executive dashboard based on a meta-data mart that allowed the business to reassess their plans involving governance and a data lake.

 Here are some of the results of their ability to analyze their basic data statistics but mapped to their business terminology.

 

  •  6000 in properly form SS cents
  • 35,000 dependence of subscribers over 35 years old
  • Thousands of charges to PPO plans out of the counties they were restricted to.
  •  There were mysterious double counts in patient eligibility counts, managers were now able to drill into those accounts by source system and find that a simple Syncsort utility had been used improperly and duplicated records.

 

                    

                               

                                                 

 

 

 

 

 

 

         

 

                                        

 

         

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

J

Data Governance Navigating the Information Value Chain Demystifying the path forward

Leave a reply

The challenge for businesses is to seek answers to questions, they do this with Metrics (KPI’s) and know the relationships of the data, organized by logical categories(dimensions) that make up the result or answer to the question. This is what constitutes the Information Value Chain

Navigation

Let’s assume that you have a business problem, a business question that needs answers and you need to know the details of the data related to the business question.

Information Value Chain

Information Value Chain

 

  • Business is based on Concepts.

 

  • People thinks in terms of Concepts.

 

  • Concepts come from Knowledge.

 

  • Knowledge comes from Information.

 

  • Information comes from Formulas.

 

  • Formulas determine Information relationships based on quantities.

 

  • Quantities come from Data.

 

  • Data physically exist.

In today’s fast-paced high-tech business world this basic navigation (drill thru) business concept is fundamental and seems to be overlooked, in the zeal to embrace modern technology

 

In our quest to embrace fresh technological capabilities, a business must realize you can only truly discover new insights when you can validate them against your business model or your businesses Information Value Chain, that is currently creating your information or results.

 

Today data needs to be deciphered into information in order to apply formulas to determine relationships and validate concepts, in real time.

 

We are inundated with technical innovations and concepts it’s important to note that business is driving these changes not necessarily technology

 

Business is constantly striving for a better insights, better  information and increased automation as well as the lower cost while doing these things several of these were examined and John Thuma’s‘  latest article

 

Historically though these changes were few and far between however innovation in hardware storage(technology) as well as software and compute innovations have led to a rapid unveiling of newer concepts as well as new technologies     

 

 

Demystifying the path forward.

In this article we’re going to review the basic principles of information governance required for a business measure their performance. As well as explore some of the connections to some of these new technological concepts for lowering cost       

To a large degree I think we’re going to find that why we do things has not changed significantly it’s just how, we know have different ways to do them.

 

It’s important while embracing new technology to keep in mind that some of the basic concepts, ideas, goals on how to properly structure and run a business have not changed even though many more insights and much more information and data is now available.

 

My point is in the implementing these technological advances could be worthless to the business and maybe even destructive, unless they are associated with a actual set of Business Information Goals(Measurements KPI’s) and they are linked directly with understandable Business deliverables.

 

And moreover prior to even considering or engaging a data science or attempt data mining you should organize your datasets capturing the relationships and apply a “scoring” or “ranking” process and be able to relate them to your business information model or Information Value Chain, with the concept of quality applied real time.  

 

The foundation for a business to navigate their Information Value Chain is an underlying Information Architecture. An Information Architecture typically, involves a model or concept of information that is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems.

 

Subsequently a data management and databases are required, they form the foundation of your Information Value Chain, to bring this back to the Business Goal. Let’s take a quick look at the difference between relational database technology and graph technology as a part of emerging big data capabilities.

 

However, considering the timeframe for database technology evolution, has is introduced a cultural aspect of implementing new technology changes, basically resistance to change. Business that are running there current operations with technology and people form the 80s and 90s have a different perception of a solution then folks from the 2000s. 

 

Therefore, in this case regarding a technical solution “perception is not reality”, awarement is. Business need to find ways to bridge the knowledge gap and increase awarement that simply embracing new technology will not fundamentally change the why a business is operates , however it will affect how.  

 

Relational databases were introduced in 1970, and graph database technology was introduced in the mid to 2000

 

There are many topics included in the current Big Data concept to analyze, however the foundation is the Information Architecture, and the databases utilized to implement it.

 

There were some other advancements in database technology in between also however let’s focus on these two

History

 

1970

In a 1970s relational database, Based on mathematical Set theory, you could pre-define the relationship of tabular (tables) , implement them in a hardened structure, then query them by manually joining the tables thru physically naming attributes and gain much better insight than previous database technology however if you needed a new relationship it would require manual effort and then migration of old to new , In addition your answer it was only good as the hard coding query created

2020

In  mid-2000’s the graph database was introduced , based on graph theory, that defines the relationships as tuples  containing nodes  and edges.  Graphs represent things and relationships events describes connections between things, which makes it an ideal fit for a navigating relationship. Unlike conventional table-oriented databases, graph databases (for example Neo4J, Neptune) represent entities and relationships between them. New relationships can be discovered and added easily and without migration, basically much less manual effort. 

 

Nodes and Edges

Graphs are made up of ‘nodes’ and ‘edges’. A node represents a ‘thing’ and an edge represents a connection between two ‘things’. The ‘thing’ in question might be a tangible object, such as an instance of an article, or a concept such as a subject area. A node can have properties (e.g. title, publication date). An edge can have a type, for example to indicate what kind of relationship the edge represents.

Takeaway.

 

The takeaway there are many spokes on the cultural wheel, in a business today, encompassing business acumen, technology acumen and information relationships and raw data knowledge and while they are all equally critical to success, the absolute critical step is that the logical business model defined as the Information Value Chain is maintained and enhanced.

 

It is a given that all business desire to lower cost and gain insight into information, it is imperative that a business maintain and improve their ability to provide accurate information that can be audited and traceable and navigate the Information Value Chain Data Science can only be achieved after a business fully understand their existing Information Architecture and strive to maintain it.

 

Note as I stated above an Information Architecture is not your Enterprise Architecture. Information architecture is the structural design of shared information environments; the art and science of organizing and labelling websites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability and findability; and an emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design, architecture and information science to the digital landscape. Typically, it involves a model or concept of information that is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems.

In essence, a business needs a Rosetta stone in order translate past, current and future results.

 

In future articles we’re going to explore and dive into how these new technologies can be utilized and more importantly how they relate to all the technologies.

Merry Christmas Data Classification, Feature Engineering , Data Governance. ‘How to’ do it and some code take a look

Leave a reply


I was heavily involved in business intelligence, data warehousing and data governance as of several years ago and recently have had many chaotic personal challenges, upon returning to professional practice I have discovered things have not changed that much in 10 yearsagovernance The methodologies and approaches are still relatively consistent however the tools and techniques have changed and In my opinion not for the better, without focusing on specific tools I’ve observed that the core to data or MDM is enabling and providing a capability for classifying data into business categories or nomenclature.. and it has really not improved.

  • This basic traditional approach has not changed, in essence man AI model predicst a Metric and is wholly based on the integrity of its features or Dimensions.



Therefore I decided, to update some of the techniques and code patterns, I’ve used in the past regarding the information value chain and or record linkage , and we are going to make the results available with associated business and code examples initially with SQL Server and data bricks plus python

My good friend, Jordan Martz of DataMartz fame has greatly contrinuted to this old mans BigData enlightenment as well as Craig Campbell in updating some of the basic classification capabilities required and critical for data governance. If you would like a more detailed version of the source as well as the test data, please send me an email at iwhiteside@msn.com. Stay tuned for more update and soon we will add Neural Network capability for additional automation of “Governance Type” automated classification and confidence monitoring.

Before we focus on functionality let’s focus on methodology


Initially understand key metrics to be measured/KPI‘s their formulas and of course teh businesse’s expectation of their calculations

Immediately gather file sources and complete profiling as specified in my original article found here

Implementing the processes in my meta-data mart article would provide numerous statistics regarding integers or float field however there are some special considerations for text fields or smart codes

Before beginning classification you would employ similarity matching or fuzzy matching as described here



As I said I posted the code for this process on SQL Server Central 10 years ago here is s Python Version.

databricks-logo Roll You Own – Python Jaro_Winkler(Python)

databricks-logoroll You Own – Python Jaro_Winkler(Python)
Import Notebook
Step 1a – import pandas
import pandas

Step 2 – Import Libraries

libraries from pyspark.sql.functions import input_file_name

from pyspark.sql.types import *
import datetime, time, re, os, pandas

ML Libraires

from pyspark.ml.feature import RegexTokenizer, StopWordsRemover, NGram, HashingTF, IDF, Word2Vec, Normalizer, Imputer, VectorAssembler
from pyspark.ml import Pipeline

import mlflow

from mlflow.tracking import MLFlowClient

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
import numpy as np
Step 3 – Test JaroWinkler

JaroWinkler(‘TRAC’,’TRACE’)
Out[5]: 0.933333
Step 4a =Implement JaroWinkler(Fuzzy Matching)

%python

def JaroWinkler(str1_in, str2_in):

if(str1_in is None or str2_in is None):
return 0

tr=0
common=0
jaro_value=0
len_str1=len(str1_in)
len_str2=len(str2_in)
column_names=[‘FID’,’FStatus’]

df_temp_table1 = pandas.DataFrame(columns=column_names)
df_temp_table2 = pandas.DataFrame(columns=column_names)

#clean_string(str1_in)
#clean_string(str2_in)

if len_str1 > len_str2:
swap_len=len_str2
len_str2=len_str1
len_str1=swap_len
swap_str=str1_in
str1_in=str2_in
str2_in=swap_str

max_len=len_str2

iCounter=1

while(iCounter <= len_str1):
df=pandas.DataFrame([[iCounter,0]], columns=column_names)
df_temp_table1=pandas.concat([df_temp_table1,df], ignore_index=True)
iCounter=iCounter+1

iCounter=1

while (iCounter <= len_str2):
df=pandas.DataFrame([[iCounter,0]], columns=column_names)
df_temp_table2=pandas.concat([df_temp_table2,df], ignore_index=True)
iCounter=iCounter+1

iCounter=1
m=round((max_len/2)-1,0)
i=1

while(i <= len_str1):
a1=str1_in[i-1]

if m >= i:
  f=1
  z=i+m 
else:
  f=i-m
  z=i+m 
if z > max_len:
  z=max_len
while (f <= z):
  a2=str2_in[int(f-1)]
  if(a2==a1 and df_temp_table2.loc[f-1].at['FStatus']==0):
    common = common + 1
    df_temp_table1.at[i-1,'FStatus']=1
    df_temp_table2.at[f-1,'FStatus']=1 
    break
  f=f+1
i=i+1

i=1
z=1
while(i <= len_str1): v1Status=df_temp_table1.loc[i-1].at[‘FStatus’] if(v1Status==1): while(z <= len_str2): v2Status=df_temp_table2.loc[z-1].at[‘FStatus’] if(v2Status==1): a1=str1_in[i-1] a2=str2_in[z-1] z=z+1 if(a1 != a2 ): tr = tr+0.5 break break i=i+1 wcd = 1.0/3.0 wrd = 1.0/3.0 wtr = 1.0/3.0 if (common != 0): jaro_value = (wcd * common)/ len_str1 + (wrd * common) / len_str2 + (wtr * (common – tr)) / common return round(jaro_value,6) Step 4b – Register JaroWinkler spark.udf.register(“JaroWinkler”, JaroWinkler) Out[6]:
Step8a – Bridge vs Master vs AssociativeALL

%sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS NameAssociative;
CREATE TABLE NameAssociative;

SELECT
Name
,NameInput

,sha2(replace ( NameLookput,’%[^a-Z0-9, ]%’,’ ‘) , 256) as NameLookupCeaned ,a.NameLookupKey
,sha2(replace( NameInput,’%[^a-Z0-9, ]%’,’ ‘) , 256) as NameInput,b.NameInputKey
,JaroWinkler(a.NameLookup, b.NameInput) MatchScor
,RANK() OVER (Partition by a.DetailedBUMaster ORDER BY JaroWinkler(a.NameLookupCleande, b.NameInputCleaned) DESC) NameLookup,b.NameLookupKey
FROM NameInput as a
CROSS JOIN NameLookup as b

Chocolate cake, MDM, data quality, machine learning and creating the information value chain’

Leave a reply

The primary take away from this article will be that you don’t start your Machine Learning project, MDM , Data Quality or Analytical project with “data” analysis, you start with the end in mind, the business objective in mind. We don’t need to analyze data to know what it is, it’s like oil or water or sand or flour.

Unless we have a business purpose to use these things, we don’t need to analyze them to know what they are. Then because they are only ingredients to whatever we’re trying to make. And what makes them important is to what degree they are part of the recipe , how they are associated

Business Objective: Make Desert

Business Questions: The consensus is Chocolate Cake , how do we make it?

Business Metrics: Baked Chocolate Cake

Metric Decomposition: What are the ingredients and portions?

2/3 cup butter, softened

1-2/3 cups sugar

3 large eggs

2 cups all-purpose flour

2/3 cup baking cocoa

1-1/4 teaspoons baking soda

1 teaspoon salt

1-1/3 cups milk

Confectioners’ sugar or favorite frosting

So here is the point you don’t start to figure out what you’re going to have for dessert by analyzing the quality of the ingredients. It’s not important until you put them in the context of what you’re making and how they relate in essence, or how the ingredients are linked or they are chained together.

In relation to my example of desert and a chocolate cake, an example could be, that you only have one cup of sugar, the eggs could’ve set out on the counter all day, the flour could be coconut flour , etc. etc. you make your judgment on whether not to make the cake on the basis of analyzing all the ingredients in the context of what you want to, which is a chocolate cake made with possibly warm eggs, cocunut flour and only one cup of sugar.

Again belaboring this you don’t start you project by looking at a single entity column or piece of data, until you know what you’re going to use it for in the context of meeting your business objectives.

Applying this to the area of machine learning, data quality and/or MDM lets take an example as follows:

Business Objective: Determine Operating Income

Business Questions: How much do we make, what does it cost us.

Business. Metrics: Operating income = gross income – operating expenses – depreciation – amortization.

Metric Decomposition: What do I need to determine a Operating income?

Gross Income = Sales Amount from Sales Table, Product, Address

Operating Expense = Cost from Expense Table, Department, Vendor

Etc…

Dimensions to Analyze for quality.

Product

Address

Department

Vendor

You may think these are the ingredients for our chocolate cake in regards to business and operating income however we’re missing one key component, the portions or relationship, in business, this would mean the association,hierarchy or drill path that the business will follow when asking a question such as why is our operating income low?

For instance the CEO might first ask what area of the country are we making the least amount of money?

After that the CEO may ask well in that part of the country, what product is making the least amount of money and who manages it, what about the parts suppliers?

Product => Address => Department => Vendor

Product => Department => Vendor => Address

Many times these hierarchies, drill downs, associations or relationships are based on various legal transaction of related data elements the company requires either between their customers and or vendors.

The point here is we need to know the relationships , dependencies and associations that are required for each business legal transaction we’re going to have to build in order to link these elements directly to the metrics that are required for determining operating income, and subsequently answering questions about it.

No matter the project, whether we are preparing for developing a machine learning model, building an MDM application or providing an analytical application if we cannot provide these elements and their associations to a metric , we will not have answered the key business questions and will most likely fail.

The need to resolve the relationships is what drives the need for data quality which is really a way of understanding what you need to do to standardize your data. Because the only way to create the relationships is with standards and mappings between entities.

The key is mastering and linking relationships or associations required for answering business questions, it is certainly not just mastering “data” with out context.

We need MASTER DATA RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT

not

MASTER DATA MANAGEMENT.

So final thoughts are the key to making the chocolate cake is understanding the relationships and the relative importance of the data/ingredients to each other not the individual quality of each ingredient.

This also affects the workflow, Many inexperienced MDM Data architects do not realize that these associations form the basis for the fact tables in the analytical area. These associations will be the primary path(work flow) the data stewards will follow in performing maintenance , the stewards will be guided based on these associations to maintain the surrounding dimensions/master entities. Unfortunately instead some architects will focus on the technology and not the business. Virtually all MDM tools are model driven APIs and rely on these relationships(hierarchies) to generate work flow and maintenance screen generation. Many inexperienced architects focus on MVP(Minimal Viable Product), or technical short term deliverable and are quickly called to task due to the fact the incurred cost for the business is not lowered as well as the final product(Chocolate Cake) is delayed and will now cost more.

Unless the specifics of questionable quality in a specific entity or table or understood in the context of the greater business question and association it cannot be excluded are included.

An excellent resource for understanding this context can we found by following: John Owens

Final , final thoughts, there is an emphasis on creating the MVP(Minimal Viable Product) in projects today, my take is in the real world you need to deliver the chocolate cake, simply delivering the cake with no frosting will not do,in reality the client wants to “have their cake and eat it too”.

Note:

Operating Income is a synonym for earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and is also referred to as “operating profit” or “recurring profit.” Operating income is calculated as: Operating income = gross income – operating expenses – depreciation – amortization.

DNA and the concept of MDM(Master Data Management) have many similarities. 

1 Reply



DNA and the concept of MDM( Master Data Management) or Modern ML/AI Data Preparation have many similarities.

 

 “There is a subtle difference between data and information.”
We in IT have complicated and diluted the concept and process of analyzing data and business metrics incredibly in the last few decades. We seem to be focus in on the word data.

And if you consider the primary business objectives of MDM is provide consistent answers with standard business definitions and an understanding of  the relationship or mappings of business outcomes to data elements.

 DNA vs MDM or IT’s version of DNA.

 The graphic I’ve chosen for this post symbolizes the linkage or lineage of human beings to DNA. What I’d like to do is relate the importance of lineage of data to examples of human how DNA communicate lineage and then discuss it in our IT as it relates to business functionality

Living Organisms are very complex as is a company and its data or information.

The genetic information of every living organism is stored inside these nucleic the basic data.

There are two types of nucleic acids(NA) namely:

 DNA– Defines Traits, Characteristics

 RNA – Communication, transfers information and synthesis.

 Lets examine them.

 DNA- Defines Traits, Characteristics


  DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid – In most living organisms (except for viruses), genetic information is stored in the form of DNA.   


RNA – Communication, transfers information and synthesis

.


RNA – can move around in the cells of living organisms and serves as a  genetic messenger, passing the information stored in the cell’s DNA from the nucleus to other parts of  the cell for protein synthesis.  

 So here goes this is a bit of a stretch but if you consider DNA is the “Data” and a person the “Information” is created from the communication through the RNA.

 To continue the analogy the DNA or chromosomes in and by themselves are out of context. It’s only once they been passed from one person to the next driven by RNA and result in a human being in that they become contextually realized as a human.

Again if we break down human DNA and inspected it, we can tell many things origin, or ancestory , traits of the person possible, diseases of the person, but it needs to be processed for us to understand the actual person. 

So my point in relation to various approaches to traditional  MDM  or Master Data Management yis that this(DNA) is how life is created, it’s science, it’s not a methodology or product in approach a vendor guess work it’s real and the main point is “lineage” is the key

“There is a subtle difference between data and information. Data are the facts or details from which is derived. Individual pieces of data are rarely useful alone. For data to become information, data needs to be put into context.”

 

Examples of Data and Information as it relates to MDM

The history of temperature readings all over the world for the past 100 years is data.

If this data is organized and analyzed to find that global temperature is rising, then that is information.

  •  The number of visitors to a website by country is an example of data.
  •  Finding out that traffic from the U.S. is increasing while that from Australia is decreasing is meaningful information.
  •  Often data is required to back up a claim or conclusion (information) derived or deduced from it.
  •  For example, before a drug is approved by the FDA, the manufacturer must conduct clinical trials and present a lot of data to demonstrate that the drug is safe.


“Mislesading” Data”

Data needs to be interpreted and analyzed, it is quite possible — indeed, very probable — that it will be interpreted incorrectly. 

When this leads to erroneous conclusions, it is said that the data are misleading. Often this is the result of incomplete data or a lack of context.

For example, your investment in a mutual fund may be up by 5% and you may conclude that the fund managers are doing a great job. However, this could be misleading if the major stock market indices are up by 12%. In this case, the fund has underperformed the market significantly.

Comparison charts

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Synthesis: the combining of the constituent elements of separate material or abstract entities into a single or unified entity ( opposed to analysis, ) the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements.”

 

Synthesis in MDM 

Communication, transfers information and synthesis, like RNA several companies are prevelant in terms of data movement and replication, in essence data logistics

Defines Traits, Characteristics like DNA many companies have developed and refined products and the techniques required for during these. They are data profiling , domain pattern profiling and record linkage, the basis of transforming data into information .

However lineage is the key, and without this to serve as a connection between data and information, in essence there is no information. And in this case the “information” is the business term from the business glossary.

 The integration of data movement capability and the linking of data profiling capabilities can result in providing a business the capabilities answering business question with certitude through the transparency of lineage.

 To translate this into “business terms” it’s very similar to providing an audit trail in that a business can ask this questions like what customers are the most profitable look at those customers and then drill into wood products what areas with those profits coming

 What lineage accomplishes is to lay a trail of cookie crumbs for data movement but for your business questions, it’s simply makes sure that you can connect the dots as data gets moved and/or translated and/or standardize and or cleansed throughout your enterprise.

And with the simple action of linking data file metadata of files, columns , profiling results to a businesses glossary or business terms, will result in deeply insightful and informative business insight and analysis.

“Analysis the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements”

  In order for a business manager for analyze you need to be able to start the analysis at a understandable business terminology level. And then provide the manager with the ability to decompose or understand  lineage from a logical perspective.

 There are three essential capabilities required for analysis and utilizing lineage to answer business questions via a meta-data mart and these are very similar to the pattern that exist in DNA.

 1. Data profiling and domain(column) analysis as well as fuzzy matching processes that are available in many forms:

a.  – Scan all the values within each column and provide statistics(counts) such as minimum value, maximin value, mode(most occuring) value, number of missing value etc…

 b. Frequency or Column value Patterns – determine the counts of distinct values within a column and also identify the distinct pattern occurring for all values within a single column and associated counts ie(SSN = 123-45-6789 , SSN PATTERN = ‘999-99-9999’

c. Fuzzy Matching( similarity algorithms) – This capability enables the find the counts of duplicate or similar text values.

 

2. The results need to be stored is a “Metadata-mart” in order to see the patterns, results and associations providing lineage and retatingraw data to business terms and hierarchies.

3. Visualization and analysis capability to allow for analysis, drill down into data mart aggregated and statistical contents and associated business hierarchies and businessterminology

Underlying each of these analytical capabilities is a set of refined processes, developed and proven code for accomplishing these basic fundamental task.

 In future post I will describe how to implement these capabilities with or without vendor products, from a logical perspective.

 References:

http://www.diffen.com/difference/Data_vs_Information
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     

Explaining the Path to Data Governance from the Ground Up!

Leave a reply

We will explore a methodology for understanding and implementing Data Governance that relies on an ground up approach described by Michael Belcher from Gartner as using ETL and Data Warehouse techniques to build a metadata mart, in order to “boot strap” a Data Governance” effort.

We will discuss the difference between the communication required for data governance and the engineering approach to implementing the “precision” required for MDM, via Data Profiling.

With Data Governance can apply the age old management adage “You get what you inspect, not what you expect” Readers Digest.

We will describe how to implement a data quality dashboard in Excel and how it supports a Data Governance effort in terms of inspection.

Future videos will explore how to build metadata repository as well as the TSQL required to load and update the repository and the data model as well as column and table relationship analysis using the Domain profiling results.