Category Archives: Data Governance

Why AI Governance is Actually Data Governance in a Helmet: 5 Surprising Truths About the New Data Era

History is an evolutionary arc of innovation, and every leap—from the wheel to the internet—has been met with a cocktail of excitement and existential dread. When the wheel was invented, humans didn’t stop walking; they simply stopped walking everywhere, enabling a scale of trade previously thought impossible. Today, the conversation surrounding Artificial Intelligence follows a similar pattern, oscillating between the marvel of autonomous agents and the fear of widespread job replacement.

However, beneath the hype, a more immediate technical crisis is unfolding. Most AI projects fail not because of model limitations, but because of a “silent saboteur” known as data chaos. Gartner estimates that through 2026, 60% of AI projects lacking AI-ready data will be abandoned. To survive this shift, we must recognize that “AI Governance” isn’t a futuristic new discipline. It is foundational Data Governance wearing a helmet—a protective layer of adversarial robustness and ethical guardrails designed for a world where machines consume data at scale.

1. The Architectural Formula: AI Governance = Data Governance

For the modern Data Architect, the realization is stark: you cannot govern an AI agent without first governing the data feeding it. We often hear about agent safety and model alignment as if they were entirely new concepts. In reality, the most dangerous AI failures—hallucinations, PII leaks, and unpredictability—originate in the data pipelines, access controls, and lineage that engineers have managed for years.

Many of the “new” requirements for agentic systems are simply existing data engineering principles rebranded. Promoting an agent safely across environments is essentially version control and production approval; managing agent risk is a new interface for schema validation and drift detection. For those of us building RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) pipelines, our existing skills in RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) and provenance are more relevant than ever.

“AI governance is not something you start after your data platform is built—it is something that emerges from the maturity of your data platform. The formula is simple: AI Governance = Data Governance.” — Egezon Baruti

2. AI Isn’t Coming for Your Job—It’s Coming for Your “Data Chaos”

The primary barrier to AI success isn’t a lack of compute; it is the systemic dysfunction born from fragmentation and inconsistency. We are currently living through a staggering imbalance in the data economy: 90% of the world’s data was generated in just the last two years, yet only 3% of the enterprise workforce are data stewards. This gap creates a bottleneck where data turns from an asset into a liability.

Several forces drive this chaos in the modern enterprise:

Source Proliferation: Data streaming from IoT, APIs, and legacy databases with conflicting semantics.
Operational Complexity: Integration debt accumulated as digital ecosystems expand.
Uncontrolled Growth: Millions of new data objects generated daily, outstripping human capacity to govern them manually.

The shift currently underway moves the professional from an Executor—buried in manual curation and quality firefighting—to an Orchestrator. In this new era, we oversee AI agents that handle the mechanical toil of documentation and anomaly detection, allowing us to focus on strategic “semantic trust.”

3. Prompt Engineering is the New Data Validation Layer

We are witnessing a transition from rule-based validation (rigid SQL checks and regex) to reasoning-based validation. Traditional systems can check if a field is a string, but they struggle with logic. An LLM-powered validator, however, can recognize that a birth year of “2025” for a current executive is a logical impossibility, even if the syntax is perfect.

This shift transforms the Prompt Engineer into a “Data Auditor” who evaluates semantic coherence rather than just syntax. By treating validation as a reasoning problem, organizations have seen an 87% reduction in false positives compared to traditional systems. In high-paying technical roles, prompts are no longer just “chats”; they are treated as structured code that must be version-controlled, tested for model drift, and scaled across the enterprise.

“Prompt engineering changes the game by treating validation as a reasoning problem… It is a shift from enforcing constraints to evaluating coherence.” — Dextra Labs

4. The “0.5% Reality” and the Value of the Horseback Rider

While “Prompt Engineer” is a buzzworthy title, ArXiv research reveals that dedicated roles with this exact name represent less than 0.5% of job postings. However, the skill profile for these roles is distinct and highly valuable. Success in the 21st-century data landscape requires a hybrid profile: AI knowledge (22.8%), communication (21.9%), and creative problem-solving (15.8%).

In this environment, Subject Matter Expertise (SME) is becoming more valuable than the ability to write boilerplate code. Consider a unique example: a professional with deep expertise in horseback ridingcan craft prompts that generate content exactly tailored to that niche’s nuances, whereas a generalist programmer cannot.

The market reflects this value. In 2026, Glassdoor reports the average salary for these roles is 128,000∗∗,withseniorrolescommandingupto∗∗224,000in sectors like Media and Communication.

Information Technology: $117,000 – $168,000
Management & Consulting: $103,000 – $169,000
Media & Communication: $140,000 – $224,000

5. Security Beyond Encryption: The Era of Ethical Guardrails

Modern security is no longer just about who can see the data; it is about adversarial robustness. As we integrate frameworks like DAMA-DMBOK with the NIST AI Risk Management Framework (RMF), we move toward a “Map, Measure, and Manage” approach.

The “helmet” of AI governance requires a new checklist of technical guardrails:

Bias Detection: Swapping demographic attributes (gender, age) in input data to ensure the model’s tone or recommendation remains neutral.
PII Detection: Ensuring RAG pipelines don’t inadvertently surface Social Security numbers or private addresses.
Proactive Jailbreaking: Attempting to bypass your own safety rules using urgent tones or “peer pressure” tactics to identify weaknesses in system prompts.

In a production environment, “Explainable AI” is the ultimate form of trust. Transparency—the ability to trace a model’s decision back to its training data lineage—is now the primary form of security.

Conclusion: From Rules to Reasoning

The leap from rule-based compliance to intelligent reasoning is the fundamental change of our era. The most successful tech strategists won’t be those who build the most complex code, but those who “teach the AI how to think responsibly.”

The frontier of data quality isn’t defined by stricter rules, but by asking better questions. As you look at your own technical roadmap, ask yourself: are you building your AI strategy on a foundation of trust, or a foundation of chaos? The answer lies not in your models, but in the maturity of your data governance.

From Querying Rows to Querying Reason: 5 Surprising Ways AI is Redefining the Database Professional

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Introduction: The Maintenance Trap

For the modern database professional, the “maintenance trap” is a pervasive reality that stifles career growth and business impact. When your day is consumed by patching, manual tuning, and reactive troubleshooting, you aren’t architecting the future—you’re just keeping the lights on. The numbers confirm this stagnation: 72% of IT budgets are currently swallowed by generic maintenance rather than innovation.

However, we have reached a tipping point where the value scale is tilting. AI is not a replacement for the database expert; it is the long-awaited engine of liberation. Through the convergence of Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and Autonomous systems, the traditional DBA is being reimagined as a hybrid strategist. This shift allows you to stop querying rows and start querying reason, moving from a technician of records to an architect of intelligence.

You’re Already 80% of a Data Scientist (Without Realizing It)

There is a persistent myth that database professionals must start from zero to enter the world of machine learning. The reality is far more empowering: you have already mastered the most difficult phase of the discipline. Industry data reveals that most data scientists spend 80% of their time finding, cleaning, and reorganizing data—a process known as Data Wrangling.

As a database expert, you are already an elite “wrangler.” The strategic pivot now is shifting these intensive tasks to the database itself. By transforming the database into a hybrid data management + machine learning platform, the professional evolves into a high-value AI Engineer or Data Engineer. You are the ideal candidate for these roles because you understand the underlying data structures better than anyone else.

“Most data scientists spend 80 percent of their time on tasks other than analysis, which is a massive inefficiency. Shifting these tasks to the database provides freedom from drudgery and allows the professional to focus on high-impact strategy.”

The “Self-Driving” Database is the Ultimate Career Insurance

The rise of the Autonomous Database is the ultimate insurance policy for your career. By automating the mechanical aspects of data management, these systems utilize three critical pillars:

Self-Driving: Automatically handles provisioning, monitoring, and tuning.
Self-Securing: Provides active protection against external attacks and malicious internal actors.
Self-Repairing: Maximizes uptime by protecting against planned and unplanned maintenance.

The business imperative is undeniable. Database downtime costs an average of $7,900 per minute, and 91% of organizations experience unplanned data center outages. Furthermore, 85% of security breaches occur after a CVE has already been published. By offloading these high-stakes, repetitive tasks to an autonomous system, you reclaim the bandwidth to focus on Architecture, planning, and data modeling. You aren’t losing your job; you are losing the tasks that make your job tedious.

SQL to JSON: The Secret Bridge to Large Language Models

As organizations race to implement Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), the database professional becomes the critical link in the AI supply chain. RAG enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to reason over private, enterprise data, but this requires a specialized technical bridge.

The surprising key to this architecture is the conversion of structured SQL results into JSON format. Because LLMs require context in a semi-structured format, the database professional now acts as the guardian of schema context. You are responsible for retrieving specific data and packaging it as a private, structured context that prevents the “hallucinations” common in generic AI. These Augmented Prompts—which combine precise user instructions with retrieved database context—are rapidly becoming the “stored procedures” of the AI era.

Move the Algorithms, Not the Data

The traditional “Data Lake” approach of moving massive datasets to external analytical tools is increasingly obsolete. Our new mantra is: “Move the Algorithms, Not the Data!” By utilizing In-database machine learning (OML), you can execute complex models directly where the data lives.

This shift enables unprecedented scale. For instance, using SPARC M8-2 hardware and the Airline On-Time dataset, systems have demonstrated the ability to process 640 million rows in-memory. Modern database professionals can now perform Feature Engineering—creating derived attributes that reflect domain knowledge—and execute models for Clustering, Anomaly Detection, Time Series Forecasting, and Regression using simple SQL syntax. This eliminates the security risks of data movement and brings Analytical Maturity to the core of the data center.

The Six-Week Transformation Roadmap

The transition from a Database Developer to a Data Scientist is a structured evolution, not a leap into the unknown. This six-week roadmap aligns your existing skills with the Analytical Maturity model:

Week 1: Business Understanding – Identify the core organizational problem.
Week 2: Data Understanding – Explore and profile available data assets.
Week 3: Data Preparation – Leverage your Data Wrangling expertise as the primary driver of project success.
Week 4: Modeling – Apply in-database ML algorithms.
Week 5: Evaluation – Rigorously test the accuracy of insights.
Week 6: Deployment – Move from Diagnostic Analysis (“What happened?”) to ML-Enabled Applications (“What will happen?”).

By following this path, you move beyond simple reporting and begin building Automated ML Applications that provide predictive value to the business.

Conclusion: The Choice to Innovate

We are entering the age of the “Thinking Database.”The industry is moving toward a future where the heavy lifting of maintenance is handled by the system itself, while the innovation is handled by you. Tools like OML Notebooks and Apache Zeppelin are now standard, accessible through the languages you already speak: SQL, Python, and R.

The choice for the database professional is clear. As the “Self-Driving” era takes hold, your value will no longer be measured by how well you maintain the engine, but by where you choose to drive the vehicle. When the database starts managing itself, will you use your new freedom to build the next generation of intelligent applications, or will you keep looking for a better wrench?

The 2026 Pivot: Why the Age of AI Autonomy Just Killed Traditional Data Governance

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1. The Hook: The Death of the Experimental Era

For years, enterprise AI has lived in a protected sandbox. It was the era of the “pilot,” a time defined by low-stakes experimentation and “innovation at any cost.” But as we enter 2026, that era is officially dead. The transition to autonomous, agent-driven systems has hit a hard ceiling: the realization that innovation without control is a structural liability.

The “data chaos” that once served as mere operational friction has mutated into a fundamental threat to the business. Organizations are discovering that the velocity of their AI is capped by the integrity of their data foundations. We have shifted from a post-GDPR world of reactive compliance to a high-stakes environment where Accountability is the only currency that matters.

This transformation is driven by a convergence of maturing technologies and a heavy-handed regulatory reality. Enterprises are no longer asking if they canbuild it; they are asking if they can prove its origin, quality, and safety. In 2026, the competitive edge belongs to those who stopped chasing “more data” and started building a governed foundation for the age of autonomy.

2. Governance is No Longer a Burden—It’s the Engine

August 2026 marks the first major enforcement cycle of the EU AI Act, and the shockwaves are being felt globally. Under Article 10, high-risk AI systems must meet rigorous quality criteria for training, validation, and testing datasets. Governance has evolved from a “reactive defense” tax into a “proactive competitive edge.”

A crucial strategic shift within Article 10 is the newly “legalized” use of sensitive data for the sake of fairness. Paragraph 5 allows providers to process special categories of personal data strictly for bias detection and correction, provided they meet stringent safeguards. This marks a pivot toward using governance as a tool for engineering social and technical trust.

To manage this, enterprises are establishing AI Governance Officers and adopting frameworks like ISO/IEC 42001 and the NIST AI RMF. These roles oversee model inventories and risk assessments, ensuring that intelligence is not just powerful, but sustainable and audit-ready.

“True intelligence must be portable, open, and sovereign—because your ability to move, scale, and adapt is what determines your competitive edge.” — Brett Sheppard

3. The Unstructured Data Goldmine: From Messy Files to Vector Reality

While 90% of enterprise data is unstructured—think images, video, and billions of PDFs—less than 1% was utilized for GenAI just two years ago. In 2026, the goldmine is finally open. The key has been the rise of Unstructured Data Integration (UDI) and Unstructured Data Governance (UDG).

This isn’t just about file storage; it’s about making legacy documents “agent-ready.” UDI pipelines now automate text chunking, embedding generation, and vectorization, allowing messy inputs to be ingested directly into vector databases. This enables Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) at a scale that was previously impossible.

By unlocking these assets, companies are powering a new wave of Agentic AI capable of real-time risk detection and sophisticated document analysis. The goal is no longer just “search”—it is the conversion of raw organizational knowledge into actionable intelligence.

4. The Great Rapprochement: The Hybrid “Meshy Fabric”

The architectural civil war between Data Fabric and Data Mesh has ended in a hybrid marriage. Organizations that fell into the “velocity trap”—focusing on decentralization (Mesh) without automated infrastructure (Fabric)—found themselves buried in inconsistency. The most successful 2026 enterprises use a Data Fabric to automate intelligence while using a Data Mesh to enforce domain-led ownership.

Architectural Pivot

Data Fabric (Automation Layer)

Data Mesh (People/Process)

Strategic Driver

Unifying distributed systems via active metadata.

Managing data as a product with domain accountability.

Implementation

Technology-centric; automated integration.

Organizational-centric; domain-owned governance.

Key Enabler

Augmented data catalogs and AI-driven mapping.

Self-serve platforms and federated standards.

This “meshy fabric” ensures that the Data Fabricprovides the intelligent connective tissue, while the Data Mesh ensures the human domain experts are accountable for the quality of the data products being fed into AI agents.

5. Synthetic Data: The “Privacy-First” Training Hack

The “Privacy Paradox”—the friction between the need for massive datasets and the legal mandates of the GDPR—has been bypassed via Privacy Enhancing Technology (PET). Synthetic data, which mirrors the statistical patterns of real-world datasets without copying individual identities, has moved into the mainstream.

Beyond privacy, synthetic data is now a primary tool for bias mitigation. It allows developers to fill “data gaps” and create “edge cases” that real-world datasets often ignore. In sectors like healthcare and finance, this mimics the statistical properties required for high-utility models without the risk of re-identification or regulatory exposure.

“Synthetic data can be defined as data that has been generated from real data and that has the same statistical properties as the real data.” — Dr. Khaled El Emam

6. “Agent-Ready” Data and the Science of Model Provenance

As AI evolves toward Agentic AI—systems that act autonomously in procurement or IT operations—the demand for Accountability has reached a fever pitch. For an agent to execute a contract, it must have “agent-ready” data: information that is traceable, high-quality, and context-rich.

Simultaneously, the industry is moving from heuristic fingerprinting to mathematical proof. Using the Model Provenance Set (MPS), a sequential test-and-exclusion procedure, organizations can now achieve a provable asymptotic guarantee of a model’s lineage.

This isn’t just a tool; it’s a statistical proof. It allows enterprises to detect unauthorized reuse and protect intellectual property by identifying related models in complex derivation chains. In 2026, you don’t just “verify” a model; you prove its provenance.

7. Sovereignty is the New Architecture

Cloud strategy has shifted from a matter of IT efficiency to a compliance and risk management obligation. Driven by the EU Data Act, organizations are pivoting toward Sovereign Multicloud Architectures. This isn’t just about local hosting; it’s about the legal mandate of “fair cloud switching” and “vendor neutrality.”

The EU Data Act has fundamentally changed data sharing by mandating new rights for data access and portability. This has forced a mass redesign of data-sharing processes and vendor contracts. In 2026, the question of “where your data sits” is a matter of sovereignty.

Public sector and finance leaders are leading this charge, moving critical workloads to certified sovereign environments. They recognize that in the age of autonomous AI, control over the underlying infrastructure is the only way to mitigate the risk of vendor lock-in and geopolitical friction.

8. Conclusion: The Trust Dividend

The digital economy of the next decade is being built on the foundations we lay today. By 2026, the convergence of Governance, Sovereignty, and Automation has created a “Trust Dividend.” Those who invested in making their data agent-ready and audit-proof are now scaling autonomous systems with a level of confidence their competitors can’t match.

As we look toward an increasingly autonomous future, the question for every technical leader has shifted:

Is your data estate merely a collection of assets, or is it a governed foundation ready for the age of autonomy?

Beyond the Hype: 5 Surprising Realities of the Modern LLM Frontier

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1. Introduction: The Unseen Mechanics of the AI Revolution

Large Language Models (LLMs) have successfully transitioned from laboratory curiosities to ubiquitous enterprise tools. To the casual observer, the progress looks like a linear march toward increasingly “smarter” chatbots. However, the technical reality is far more nuanced. Behind the curtain of viral interfaces, the most impactful breakthroughs are no longer just about increasing parameter counts or ingestion volume. As a Research Strategist, I observe that the real frontier has shifted toward “unseen mechanics”—the sophisticated methods researchers use to steer, optimize, and ground these models to transform them from unpredictable black boxes into high-precision, reliable instruments.

2. The Operational Safety Gap: Why Your Agent “Enters the Wrong Chat”

A critical challenge for enterprise deployment is “operational safety.” While global discourse often focuses on preventing generic harms (e.g., assisting in illegal acts), operational safety addresses a model’s ability to remain faithful to its intended purpose. Recent research, specifically the OffTopicEvalbenchmark, reveals a startling reality: LLMs are prone to “entering the wrong chat.”

When tasked with a professional role—such as an AI bank teller—models frequently fail to refuse out-of-domain (OOD) queries, straying into discussions about poetry or travel advice. The data shows that even top-tier models struggle; Llama-3 and Gemma collapsed to accuracy levels of 23.84% and 39.53% respectively in agentic scenarios. Even GPT-4 plateaus in the 62–73% range. Interestingly, the benchmark identifies Mistral (24B) at 79.96% and Qwen-3 (235B) at 77.77% as the current leaders in operational reliability.

To suppress these failures without the overhead of retraining, researchers are utilizing prompt-based steering. Techniques like Query Grounding (Q-ground) provide consistent gains of up to 23%, while System-Prompt Grounding (P-ground) delivered a massive 41% boost to Llama-3.3 (70B).

“To suppress these failures, we propose prompt-based steering methods: query grounding (Q-ground) and system-prompt grounding (P-ground), which substantially improve OOD refusal. Q-ground provides consistent gains of up to 23%, while P-ground delivers even larger boosts.”

3. Surgical Alignment: Steering the “Brain” Without Retraining

A major obstacle in fine-tuning is the “superposition” problem: LLM neurons are semantically entangled, often responding to multiple unrelated factors. This makes standard fine-tuning messy, as adjusting one behavior (like bias) often accidentally degrades linguistic fluency.

The Sparse Representation Steering (SRS)framework offers a “surgical” alternative. Using Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs), SRS projects dense activations (n) into a significantly higher-dimensional sparse feature space (m>n). This allows researchers to disentangle activations into millions of monosemantic features. To identify exactly which features to “turn up or down,” SRS utilizes bidirectional KL divergencebetween contrastive prompt distributions to quantify per-feature sensitivity.

This level of precision, often characterized by the L0 norm (the number of non-zero elements), allows developers to modulate specific attributes like truthfulness or safety at inference time with minimal side effects on overall quality.

“Due to the semantically entangled nature of LLM’s representation, where even minor interventions may inadvertently influence unrelated semantics, existing representation engineering methods still suffer from… content quality degradation.”

4. The 20% Rule: Efficiency via the “Heavy Hitter Oracle”

Deploying LLMs at scale is hindered by the KV Cache bottleneck. Because the cache scales linearly with sequence length, long conversations eventually overwhelm GPU memory. However, the Heavy Hitter Oracle (H2O) discovery has revealed a counter-intuitive efficiency: LLMs only need a fraction of their “memory” to maintain performance.

Researchers found that a small portion of tokens—Heavy Hitters (H2)—contribute the vast majority of value to attention scores. These tokens correlate with frequent co-occurrences in the text. By formulating KV Cache eviction as a dynamic submodular problem, the H2O framework retains only the most critical 20% of tokens. This results in up to a 29x improvement in throughput. This breakthrough democratizes AI, allowing massive models to run on smaller, cheaper hardware while retaining full contextual awareness.

5. The “Tool-Maker” Evolution: From Passive Solvers to Software Engineers

We are witnessing a fundamental shift from LLMs as “Tool Users” to LLMs as “Tool Makers” (LATM). Frameworks like LATM and CREATOR allow models to recognize when their inherent capabilities are insufficient—such as for complex symbolic logic—and respond by writing their own reusable Python functions.

This enables a cost-effective “division of labor.” An expensive, high-reasoning model (like GPT-4) acts as the Tool Maker, crafting a sophisticated utility function. A lightweight, cheaper model then acts as the Tool User, applying that function to thousands of requests. This allows models to solve problems they were never originally trained for by essentially creating their own specialized software on the fly.

6. The Semantic Shift: Moving Beyond the “Library Card Catalog”

Search technology is evolving from traditional Lexical Search to Semantic Search, fundamentally changing how information is retrieved.

Lexical Search acts like a literal “card catalog.” It relies on exact keyword matching. Searching for “affordable electric vehicles” might miss a document about a “Tesla Model 3” if those specific words are absent.
Semantic Search functions like a “knowledgeable librarian.” Using Dense Embeddings and Natural Language Processing (NLP), it maps queries into a vector space where similar concepts are mathematically grouped. It understands that “budget” and “affordable” are conceptually linked.

By leveraging Vector Databases (such as Milvus or Qdrant), modern systems now utilize a Hybridapproach. This combines the literal precision and speed of lexical search with the deep conceptual “brain” of semantic search, ensuring that intent is captured even when language is misaligned.

7. Conclusion: The Dawn of the “Interpretable” Era

The advancements moving through the AI frontier—from sparse steering and heavy-hitter optimization to autonomous tool-making—signal the end of the “black box” era. We are entering a phase where LLMs are becoming modular, efficient, and, most importantly, interpretable. By moving toward surgical control over internal representations, we move closer to systems we can truly understand and govern.

As we look forward, a vital question remains for the industry: Does the future of AI rely on building ever-larger models, or is the true path to intelligence found in making our control over them more modular and precise?

Synthesizing AI & BI

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Integrating Business Intelligence (BI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping the landscape of data analytics and business decision-making. This comprehensive analysis explores the synergy between BI and AI, how AI enhances BI capabilities and provides case examples of their integration.

BI and AI, though distinct in their core functionalities, complement each other in enhancing business analytics. BI focuses on descriptive analytics, which involves analyzing historical data to understand trends, outcomes, and business performance. AI, particularly ML, brings predictive and prescriptive analytics, focusing on future predictions and decision-making recommendations.

Artificial Intelligence (AI), primarily through Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP), significantly bolsters the capabilities of Business Intelligence (BI) systems. AI algorithms process and analyze large and diverse data sets, including unstructured data like text, images, and voice recordings. This advanced data processing capability dramatically expands the scope of BI, enabling it to derive meaningful insights from a broader array of data sources. Such an enhanced data processing capability is pivotal in today’s data-driven world, where the volume and variety of data are constantly increasing.

Real-time analytics, another critical feature AI enables in BI systems, provides businesses with immediate insights. This feature is particularly beneficial in dynamic sectors like finance and retail, where conditions fluctuate rapidly, and timely data can lead to significant competitive advantages. By integrating AI, BI tools can process and analyze data as it’s generated, allowing businesses to make informed decisions swiftly. This ability to quickly interpret and act on data can be a game-changer, particularly when speed and agility are crucial.

Morеovеr, AI еnhancеs BI with prеdictivе modеling and NLP. Prеdictivе modеls in AI utilizе historical data to forеcast futurе еvеnts, offеring forеsight prеviously unattainablе with traditional BI tools. This prеdictivе powеr transforms how businеssеs stratеgizе and plan, moving from rеactivе to proactivе dеcision-making. NLP furthеr rеvolutionizеs BI by еnabling usеrs to interact with BI tools using natural languagе. This advancement makes data analytics more accessible to those without technical expertise, broadening the applicability of BI tools across various organizational levels. Integrating NLP democratizes data and enhances user engagement with BI tools, making data-driven insights a part of everyday business processes.

Full Book coming in September

Pending Data Apocalypse

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Data Governance – Navigating the Information Value Chain

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The challenge for businesses is to seek answers to questions, they do this with Metrics (KPI’s) and know the relationships of the data, organized by logical categories(dimensions) that make up the result or answer to the question. This is what constitutes the Information Value Chain

Navigation

Let’s assume that you have a business problem, a business question that needs answers and you need to know the details of the data related to the business question.

Information Value Chain

Business is based on Concepts.

People thinks in terms of Concepts.

Concepts come from Knowledge.

Knowledge comes from Information.

Information comes from Formulas.

Formulas determine Information relationships based on quantities.

Quantities come from Data.

Data physically exist.

In today’s fast-paced high-tech business world this basic navigation (drill thru) business concept is fundamental and seems to be overlooked, in the zeal to embrace modern technology

In our quest to embrace fresh technological capabilities, a business must realize you can only truly discover new insights when you can validate them against your business model or your businesses Information Value Chain, that is currently creating your information or results.

Today data needs to be deciphered into information in order to apply formulas to determine relationships and validate concepts, in real time.

We are inundated with technical innovations and concepts it’s important to note that business is driving these changes not necessarily technology

Business is constantly striving for a better insights, better information and increased automation as well as the lower cost while doing these things several of these were examined

Historically though these changes were few and far between however innovation in hardware storage(technology) as well as software and compute innovations have led to a rapid unveiling of newer concepts as well as new technologies

Demystifying the path forward.

In this article we’re going to review the basic principles of information governance required for a business measure their performance. As well as explore some of the connections to some of these new technological concepts for lowering cost

To a large degree I think we’re going to find that why we do things has not changed significantly it’s just how, we know have different ways to do them.

It’s important while embracing new technology to keep in mind that some of the basic concepts, ideas, goals on how to properly structure and run a business have not changed even though many more insights and much more information and data is now available.

My point is in the implementing these technological advances could be worthless to the business and maybe even destructive, unless they are associated with a actual set of Business Information Goals(Measurements KPI’s) and they are linked directly with understandable Business deliverables.

And moreover prior to even considering or engaging a data science or attempt data mining you should organize your datasets capturing the relationships and apply a “scoring” or “ranking” process and be able to relate them to your business information model or Information Value Chain, with the concept of quality applied real time.

The foundation for a business to navigate their Information Value Chain is an underlying Information Architecture. An Information Architecture typically, involves a model or concept of information that is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems.

Subsequently a data management and databases are required, they form the foundation of your Information Value Chain, to bring this back to the Business Goal. Let’s take a quick look at the difference between relational database technology and graph technology as a part of emerging big data capabilities.

However, considering the timeframe for database technology evolution, has is introduced a cultural aspect of implementing new technology changes, basically resistance to change. Business that are running there current operations with technology and people form the 80s and 90s have a different perception of a solution then folks from the 2000s.

Therefore, in this case regarding a technical solution “perception is not reality awarement is”. Business need to find ways to bridge the knowledge gap and increase awarement that simply embracing new technology will not fundamentally change the why a business is operates , however it will affect how.

Relational databases were introduced in 1970, and graph database technology was introduced in the mid to 2000

There are many topics included in the current Big Data concept to analyze, however the foundation is the Information Architecture, and the databases utilized to implement it.

There were some other advancements in database technology in between also however let’s focus on these two

History

1970

In a 1970s relational database, Based on mathematical Set theory, you could pre-define the relationship of tabular (tables) , implement them in a hardened structure, then query them by manually joining the tables thru physically naming attributes and gain much better insight than previous database technology however if you needed a new relationship it would require manual effort and then migration of old to new , In addition your answer it was only good as the hard coding query created

2020

In mid-2000’s the graph database was introduced , based on graph theory, that defines the relationships as tuples containing nodes and edges. Graphs represent things and relationships events describes connections between things, which makes it an ideal fit for a navigating relationship. Unlike conventional table-oriented databases, graph databases (for example Neo4J, Neptune) represent entities and relationships between them. New relationships can be discovered and added easily and without migration, basically much less manual effort.

Nodes and Edges

Graphs are made up of ‘nodes’ and ‘edges’. A node represents a ‘thing’ and an edge represents a connection between two ‘things’. The ‘thing’ in question might be a tangible object, such as an instance of an article, or a concept such as a subject area. A node can have properties (e.g. title, publication date). An edge can have a type, for example to indicate what kind of relationship the edge represents.

Takeaway.

The takeaway there are many spokes on the cultural wheel, in a business today, encompassing business acumen, technology acumen and information relationships and raw data knowledge and while they are all equally critical to success, the absolute critical step is that the logical business model defined as the Information Value Chain is maintained and enhanced.

It is a given that all business desire to lower cost and gain insight into information, it is imperative that a business maintain and improve their ability to provide accurate information that can be audited and traceable and navigate the Information Value Chain Data Science can only be achieved after a business fully understand their existing Information Architecture and strive to maintain it.

Note as I stated above an Information Architecture is not your Enterprise Architecture or even Data Architecture Information Relationships it is the hierarchical design of shared information environments; the art and science of organizing and labelling gGossary terms, transactions to support usability and findability; in an emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design, architecture and information science to the digital landscape. Typically, it involves a model or concept of information that is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems.

In essence, a business needs a Rosetta stone in order translate past, current and future results.

In future articles we’re going to explore and dive into how these new technologies can be utilized and more importantly how they relate to all the technologies.

Evolving Data Into Information through Lineage

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Information lineage through data DNA

Ira Warren Whiteside

ORIGINS
COMMON SENSE

We in IT have complicated and diluted the concept and process of analyzing data and business metrics incredibly in the last few decades. We seem to be focusing on the word data.

“There is a subtle difference between data and information.”

Information vs data

There is a subtle difference between data and information. Data are the facts or details from which information is derived. Individual pieces of data are rarely useful alone. For data to become information, data needs to be put into context.

Examples of Data and Information

The history of temperature readings all over the world for the past 100 years is data.

If this data is organized and analyzed to find that global temperature is rising, then that is information.

The number of visitors to a website by country is an example of data.

Finding out that traffic from the U.S. is increasing while that from Australia is decreasing is meaningful information.

Often data is required to back up a claim or conclusion (information) derived or deduced from it.

For example, before a drug is approved by the FDA, the manufacturer must conduct clinical trials and present a lot of data to demonstrate that the drug is safe.

“Misleading” Data

Because data needs to be interpreted and analyzed, it is quite possible — indeed, very probable — that it will be interpreted incorrectly. When this leads to erroneous conclusions, it is said that the data are misleading. Often this is the result of incomplete data or a lack of context.

For example, your investment in a mutual fund may be up by 5% and you may conclude that the fund managers are doing a great job. However, this could be misleading if the major stock market indices are up by 12%. In this case, the fund has underperformed the market significantly.

Comparison chart

Synthesis: the combining of the constituent elements of separate material or abstract entities into a single or unified entity ( opposed to analysis, ) the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements.

Synthesis

Data into Information is dominant in terms of data movement and replication, in essence data logistics.

Lineage is the key.

And with the simple action of linking data file metadata names to a businesses glossary or terms, Will result in deeply insightful and informative business insight and analysis.

“Analysis the separating of any material or abstract entity into its constituent elements”

In order for a business manager for analysis you need to be able to start the analysis at a understandable business terminology.

And then provide the manager with the ability to decompose or break apart the result.

They are three essential set of capabilities and associated techniquestechniques for analysis and lineage.

Data profiling and domain analysis as well as fuzzy matching components available on my blog https://irawarrenwhiteside.com/2014/04/13/creating-a-metadata-mart-via-tsql/
Meta-data driven creation of a meta-data mart through code generation techniques, implemented.

Underlining each of these capabilities is a set of refined, developed and proven code says for accomplishing these basic fundamental task.

One case study

I have been in this business over 45 years and I’d like to offer one example of the power of the concept of a meta-data mart and lineage as it regards to business insight.

A lineage, information and data story for BCBS

I was called on Thursday and told to attend a meeting on Friday between our companies leadership and the new Chief Analytics Officer. He was prototypical of the new IT a “new school” IT Director.

I had been introduced via LinkedIn to this director a week earlier as he had followed one of my blogs on metadata marts and lineage.

After a brief introduction, our leadership began to speak and the director immediately held up his hand he said “Please don’t say anything right now the profiling you provided me is at the kindergarten level and you are dishonest”

The project was a 20 week $900,000 effort and we were in week 10.

The company has desired to do a proof of concept and better understand the use of the informatics a tool DQ as well as direction for a data governance program.

To date what had been accomplished was in a cumulation of hours of effort in billing that has not resulted in any tangible deliverable.

The project had focused on the implementation and functionally of the popular vendor tool, canned data profiling results and not providing information to the business.

The director commented on my blog post and asked if we could achieve that at his company, I of course said yes.

Immediately I proposed we use the methodology that would allow us to focus on a tops down process of understanding critical business metrics and a bottoms up process of linking data to business terms.

My basic premise was that unless your deliverable from a data quality project can provide you business insight from the top down it is of little value. In essence you’ll spend $900,000 to tell a business executive they have dirty data. At which point he will say to you “so what’s new”.

The next step was to use the business terminology glossary that existed in informatica metadata manager and map those terms to source data columns and source systems, not an extremely difficult exercise. However this is the critical step in providing a business manager the understanding and context of data statistics.

The next step, was the crucial step in which we made a slight modification to the IDQ tool and allowed the storing of the profiling results into a meta-data mart and the association of a business dimension from the business glossary the reporting statistics.

We were able to populate my predefined metadata mart dimensional model by using the tool the company and already purchased.

Lastly by using a dimensional model we were able to allow the business to apply their current reporting tool.

Upon realizing the issues they faced in their business metrics, they accelerated the data governance program and canceled the data lake until a future date.

Now for the results.

Within six weeks we provided an executive dashboard based on a meta-data mart that allowed the business to reassess their plans involving governance and a data lake.

Here are some of the results of their ability to analyze their basic data statistics but mapped to their business terminology.

6000 in properly form SS cents
35,000 dependence of subscribers over 35 years old
Thousands of charges to PPO plans out of the counties they were restricted to.
There were mysterious double counts in patient eligibility counts, managers were now able to drill into those accounts by source system and find that a simple Syncsort utility had been used improperly and duplicated records.

Data Governance Navigating the Information Value Chain Demystifying the path forward

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Navigation

Let’s assume that you have a business problem, a business question that needs answers and you need to know the details of the data related to the business question.

Information Value Chain

Information Value Chain

Business is based on Concepts.

People thinks in terms of Concepts.

Concepts come from Knowledge.

Knowledge comes from Information.

Information comes from Formulas.

Formulas determine Information relationships based on quantities.

Quantities come from Data.

Data physically exist.

In today’s fast-paced high-tech business world this basic navigation (drill thru) business concept is fundamental and seems to be overlooked, in the zeal to embrace modern technology

Today data needs to be deciphered into information in order to apply formulas to determine relationships and validate concepts, in real time.

We are inundated with technical innovations and concepts it’s important to note that business is driving these changes not necessarily technology

Business is constantly striving for a better insights, better information and increased automation as well as the lower cost while doing these things several of these were examined and John Thuma’s‘ latest article

Demystifying the path forward.

To a large degree I think we’re going to find that why we do things has not changed significantly it’s just how, we know have different ways to do them.

Therefore, in this case regarding a technical solution “perception is not reality”, awarement is. Business need to find ways to bridge the knowledge gap and increase awarement that simply embracing new technology will not fundamentally change the why a business is operates , however it will affect how.

Relational databases were introduced in 1970, and graph database technology was introduced in the mid to 2000

There are many topics included in the current Big Data concept to analyze, however the foundation is the Information Architecture, and the databases utilized to implement it.

There were some other advancements in database technology in between also however let’s focus on these two

History

1970

2020

Nodes and Edges

Takeaway.

Note as I stated above an Information Architecture is not your Enterprise Architecture. Information architecture is the structural design of shared information environments; the art and science of organizing and labelling websites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability and findability; and an emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design, architecture and information science to the digital landscape. Typically, it involves a model or concept of information that is used and applied to activities which require explicit details of complex information systems.

In essence, a business needs a Rosetta stone in order translate past, current and future results.

In future articles we’re going to explore and dive into how these new technologies can be utilized and more importantly how they relate to all the technologies.

Merry Christmas Data Classification, Feature Engineering , Data Governance. ‘How to’ do it and some code take a look

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I was heavily involved in business intelligence, data warehousing and data governance as of several years ago and recently have had many chaotic personal challenges, upon returning to professional practice I have discovered things have not changed that much in 10 yearsagovernance The methodologies and approaches are still relatively consistent however the tools and techniques have changed and In my opinion not for the better, without focusing on specific tools I’ve observed that the core to data or MDM is enabling and providing a capability for classifying data into business categories or nomenclature.. and it has really not improved.

This basic traditional approach has not changed, in essence man AI model predicst a Metric and is wholly based on the integrity of its features or Dimensions.

Therefore I decided, to update some of the techniques and code patterns, I’ve used in the past regarding the information value chain and or record linkage , and we are going to make the results available with associated business and code examples initially with SQL Server and data bricks plus python

My good friend, Jordan Martz of DataMartz fame has greatly contrinuted to this old mans BigData enlightenment as well as Craig Campbell in updating some of the basic classification capabilities required and critical for data governance. If you would like a more detailed version of the source as well as the test data, please send me an email at iwhiteside@msn.com. Stay tuned for more update and soon we will add Neural Network capability for additional automation of “Governance Type” automated classification and confidence monitoring.

Before we focus on functionality let’s focus on methodology

Initially understand key metrics to be measured/KPI‘s their formulas and of course teh businesse’s expectation of their calculations

Immediately gather file sources and complete profiling as specified in my original article found here

Implementing the processes in my meta-data mart article would provide numerous statistics regarding integers or float field however there are some special considerations for text fields or smart codes

Before beginning classification you would employ similarity matching or fuzzy matching as described here

As I said I posted the code for this process on SQL Server Central 10 years ago here is s Python Version.

databricks-logo Roll You Own – Python Jaro_Winkler(Python)

databricks-logoroll You Own – Python Jaro_Winkler(Python)
Import Notebook
Step 1a – import pandas
import pandas

Step 2 – Import Libraries

libraries from pyspark.sql.functions import input_file_name

from pyspark.sql.types import *
import datetime, time, re, os, pandas

ML Libraires

from pyspark.ml.feature import RegexTokenizer, StopWordsRemover, NGram, HashingTF, IDF, Word2Vec, Normalizer, Imputer, VectorAssembler
from pyspark.ml import Pipeline

import mlflow

from mlflow.tracking import MLFlowClient

from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
import numpy as np
Step 3 – Test JaroWinkler

JaroWinkler(‘TRAC’,’TRACE’)
Out[5]: 0.933333
Step 4a =Implement JaroWinkler(Fuzzy Matching)

%python

def JaroWinkler(str1_in, str2_in):

if(str1_in is None or str2_in is None):
return 0

tr=0
common=0
jaro_value=0
len_str1=len(str1_in)
len_str2=len(str2_in)
column_names=[‘FID’,’FStatus’]

df_temp_table1 = pandas.DataFrame(columns=column_names)
df_temp_table2 = pandas.DataFrame(columns=column_names)

#clean_string(str1_in)
#clean_string(str2_in)

if len_str1 > len_str2:
swap_len=len_str2
len_str2=len_str1
len_str1=swap_len
swap_str=str1_in
str1_in=str2_in
str2_in=swap_str

max_len=len_str2

iCounter=1

while(iCounter <= len_str1):
df=pandas.DataFrame([[iCounter,0]], columns=column_names)
df_temp_table1=pandas.concat([df_temp_table1,df], ignore_index=True)
iCounter=iCounter+1

iCounter=1

while (iCounter <= len_str2):
df=pandas.DataFrame([[iCounter,0]], columns=column_names)
df_temp_table2=pandas.concat([df_temp_table2,df], ignore_index=True)
iCounter=iCounter+1

iCounter=1
m=round((max_len/2)-1,0)
i=1

while(i <= len_str1):
a1=str1_in[i-1]

if m >= i:
  f=1
  z=i+m 
else:
  f=i-m
  z=i+m 
if z > max_len:
  z=max_len
while (f <= z):
  a2=str2_in[int(f-1)]
  if(a2==a1 and df_temp_table2.loc[f-1].at['FStatus']==0):
    common = common + 1
    df_temp_table1.at[i-1,'FStatus']=1
    df_temp_table2.at[f-1,'FStatus']=1 
    break
  f=f+1
i=i+1

i=1
z=1
while(i <= len_str1): v1Status=df_temp_table1.loc[i-1].at[‘FStatus’] if(v1Status==1): while(z <= len_str2): v2Status=df_temp_table2.loc[z-1].at[‘FStatus’] if(v2Status==1): a1=str1_in[i-1] a2=str2_in[z-1] z=z+1 if(a1 != a2 ): tr = tr+0.5 break break i=i+1 wcd = 1.0/3.0 wrd = 1.0/3.0 wtr = 1.0/3.0 if (common != 0): jaro_value = (wcd * common)/ len_str1 + (wrd * common) / len_str2 + (wtr * (common – tr)) / common return round(jaro_value,6) Step 4b – Register JaroWinkler spark.udf.register(“JaroWinkler”, JaroWinkler) Out[6]:
Step8a – Bridge vs Master vs AssociativeALL

%sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS NameAssociative;
CREATE TABLE NameAssociative;

SELECT
Name
,NameInput

,sha2(replace ( NameLookput,’%[^a-Z0-9, ]%’,’ ‘) , 256) as NameLookupCeaned ,a.NameLookupKey
,sha2(replace( NameInput,’%[^a-Z0-9, ]%’,’ ‘) , 256) as NameInput,b.NameInputKey
,JaroWinkler(a.NameLookup, b.NameInput) MatchScor
,RANK() OVER (Partition by a.DetailedBUMaster ORDER BY JaroWinkler(a.NameLookupCleande, b.NameInputCleaned) DESC) NameLookup,b.NameLookupKey
FROM NameInput as a
CROSS JOIN NameLookup as b